ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Stability and dermatological safety assessment of
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in human and veterinary medicine, supporting the development of alternative topical products for companion animals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate essential oil (EO)-based dry shampoo formulations incorporating EOs from Methods: Starch-based dry shampoo prototypes containing Results: MgS improved formulation homogeneity, fluidity, and reduced agglomeration, while the selected mixing protocol enhanced overall powder performance. The optimized formulations showed preliminary physical stability, although progressive changes in texture, fluidity, agglomeration tendency, and aroma were observed during storage. In vitro antibacterial activity was assay-dependent: no measurable inhibition zones were observed by agar diffusion, whereas serial dilution and viable-count assays showed concentration-dependent reductions in bacterial recovery, including effects associated with the vehicle formulation. No macroscopic or histological signs of dermal irritation were observed in mice. In dogs, the formulations were well tolerated under the evaluated conditions. Microbiological outcomes differed numerically among groups but not significantly; among the EO-containing formulations, SCA showed the most favorable exploratory profile, including culture negativity in 3/8 dogs and the highest proportion of dogs reaching a non-significant bacterial burden. Discussion: These findings support the feasibility of incorporating
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