ReviewAddiction & health2026
Marijuana (Cannabis) Smoking Increases the Risk of Lung Cancer: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Addiction & health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Marijuana (cannabis) use has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, raising concerns about its potential long-term health effects, particularly on the respiratory system. While tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for lung cancer,the association between cannabis use and lung cancer risk remains unclear and controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of existing observational studies aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between marijuana use and the risk ofdeveloping lung cancer. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify cohort and case-controlstudies up to September 2025. Studies were selected, relevant data were extracted, and statistically analyzed using effect sizes (ES)and 95% confidence intervals (CI). All analyses were conducted using STATA software. Findings: This meta-analysis included six observational studies, comprising 16 effect sizes, consisting of two cohort studies andfour case-control studies. The pooled analysis of the cohort studies (7 effect sizes) indicated a statistically significant associationbetween marijuana (cannabis) smoking and increased lung cancer risk (ES: 2.06; 95% CI: [1.04-4.07]; Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that marijuana smoking may increase lung cancer risk, with cohort studies showing asignificant twofold association. Although case-control studies were not statistically significant, the upward trend highlights theimportance of considering cannabis use in lung cancer risk assessments and patient counseling.
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