ReviewPostepy psychiatrii neurologii2026
Exploring the roles of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 as potential biomarkers in human epilepsy: a systematic review.
Review in Postepy psychiatrii neurologii, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, with approximately 30% of patients exhibiting pharmacoresistance. Identifying reliable biomarkers for diagnosis, predicting treatment response, and monitoring disease progression is essential for improving epilepsy management. Neuropeptides such as ghrelin and nesfatin-1 have emerged as potential candidates owing to their roles in neuroprotection and metabolic regulation. Views: We systematically reviewed studies on ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in human epilepsy by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria comprised original research reporting neuropeptide levels in patients with epilepsy. Data extraction and study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024567659). Thirty-two studies published between 2005 and 2025 were included (27 on ghrelin and five on nesfatin-1). Ghrelin levels showed heterogeneous patterns - 37.1% of studies reported decreases, 29.6% reported increases, and 33.3% reported no change in epilepsy patients. Higher ghrelin levels were observed in focal epilepsy and in patients responding to anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Nesfatin-1 was elevated in 80% of studies, particularly in untreated or active epilepsy, but decreased in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and after long-term treatment. Evidence suggests that nesfatin-1 correlates with seizure burden and prognosis. Both neuropeptides show potential as biomarkers of disease severity and treatment response. Conclusions: Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 exhibit dynamic changes in relation to the type of epilepsy, seizure activity, and treatment. These neuropeptides may serve as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with near-term clinical potential for monitoring adverse side effects of ASM, differentiating between seizure types, and predicting drug resistance. However, validation studies are needed to establish clinical utility before routine implementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.