Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42898310›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

High EBV-reactive IgG levels in serum are linked to typical inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid features in multiple sclerosis.

Stephan Neidhart, Klara Asplund Högelin, Marc Hilty, Benjamin Vlad, Mario Ziegler, Mohsen Khademi, Andreas Lutterotti, Roland Martin, Faiez Al Nimer, Ilijas Jelcic

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Stephan NeidhartNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Klara Asplund HögelinNeuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Marc HiltyNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Benjamin VladNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Mario ZieglerNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Mohsen KhademiNeuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andreas LutterottiNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Roland MartinNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Faiez Al Nimer *Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ilijas Jelcic *Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Funding

Clinical Research Priority Program PrecisionMS (CRPP PrecisionMS)European Research Council ERC-2013-ADG 340733Neuro, Sweden F2022-0080Swedish Brain Foundation HJÄRNFONDEN FO2021-0283University of Zurich
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is ill-defined which of the MS-typical inflammatory alterations of basic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters, i.e. intrathecal cellular inflammation versus intrathecal total production of antibodies, are primarily linked to EBV-mediated humoral immune signatures in serum and/or CSF. Methods: We analyzed paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 316 MS patients from Switzerland and Sweden. Serum IgG levels (sIgG) against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV capsid antigen (EBV-CA) were quantified by ELISA, and high levels (IgG Results: sEBNA1-IgG Conclusion: These findings are consistent with an outside-in model, in which peripheral, but not intrathecal activation of EBV-specific humoral immunity, and rather sEBNA1-IgG

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralEpstein-Barr Virus InfectionsHerpesvirus 4, HumanImmunoglobulin GMultiple SclerosisAdultAntigens, ViralCapsid ProteinsEpstein-Barr Virus Nuclear AntigensFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralCapsid ProteinsEBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigenEpstein-Barr Virus Nuclear AntigensImmunoglobulin Gcerebrospinal fluidCSF cell countEBV-specific immunityEpstein-Barr virusintrathecal antibody productionmultiple sclerosispleocytosis

Identifiers

PMID42898310
PMCPMC13677834

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.