ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Integrated pituitary adaptations to the low estrogen state.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen's broad trophic effects on anterior pituitary function are not fully understood. The compound 4-vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) induces early ovarian failure and reduced E2 production, which may differentially affect anterior pituitary cells. We recently identified transcriptomic changes in pituitary gonadotropes at the single-cell level in females treated with VCD for 20 days, which were acyclic, with low serum estradiol (E2) levels and 8-12-fold increases in gonadotropins 138 days later. Materials and methods: We tested vehicle-control and VCD-treated female mice in metabolic cages and assayed serum hormone levels by EIA, and pituitary cell transcripts by qRT-PCR and single-cell RNA-seq. Results: VCD-treated mice showed normal metabolic health. Compared with controls, VCD-treated females exhibited a 5-fold elevation in serum pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and near-normal thyroid hormone levels. Pituitary Discussion: The unchanged pituitary
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