Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42897977›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026

Pre-sleep milk-derived proteins do not impair sleep or recovery in elite female athletes.

Kieran G P Paterson, Timothy D Griest, Elisa Angeles, Sadio P Fenner, Hannah K Eberhardt, Connor R McKay, Kendall L W Helms, Andelino Calderon, Matthew D Vukovich, Michael J Ormsbee

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kieran G P PatersonDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Timothy D GriestDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Elisa AngelesInstitute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Sadio P FennerDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Hannah K EberhardtDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Connor R McKayDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Kendall L W HelmsDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Andelino CalderonDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Matthew D VukovichCollege of Education and Human Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Michael J OrmsbeeDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1939-7656

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSleep is essential for athlete recovery and performance, yet athletes frequently experience restricted or poor-quality sleep. Pre-sleep feeding (PSF) has emerged as a strategy to support recovery, but randomized, double-blinded, crossover trials comparing PSF macronutrient options on objective and subjective sleep outcomes in elite female athletes remain limited.

methodsTwenty-five National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female athletes (18-25 years old) were recruited; 21 completed the trial. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled, crossover design conducted over 4-8 weeks, participants consumed four treatments for three consecutive nights each: 40 g casein protein (CAS; 160 kcal), 40 g

resultsNo significant treatment effects were observed for TST, SOL, SE, RHR, or HRV (

conclusionsIn NCAA Division I female athletes, three consecutive nights of pre-sleep ingestion of CAS, ALA, or CHO did not impair objective or subjective measures of sleep or recovery compared with PLA. These findings demonstrate that pre-sleep feeding, regardless of macronutrient type, can be incorporated without negatively affecting sleep quality or recovery metrics.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: STUDY00004409).

Indexed as

Milk ProteinsSleepAdolescentAdultAthletesCaseinsCross-Over StudiesDietary CarbohydratesDietary SupplementsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHeart RateHumansLactalbuminPost-Exercise RecoverySleep DurationCaseinsDietary CarbohydratesLactalbuminMilk Proteinsfemale athletesheart rate variabilitymacronutrient timingPre-sleep feedingprotein supplementationsleep quality

Identifiers

PMID42897977
PMCPMC13686207

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.