ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract infections at the university hospital center in Marrakech Morocco (2020-2024): a retrospective study.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends at the University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, Marrakech, over a five-year period.
methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2024. All urine specimens processed at the microbiology laboratory were reviewed. Duplicate isolates were excluded, and only the first positive isolate per patient per infectious episode was retained. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion and the BD Phoenix
resultsOf 62,788 urine specimens, 8,231 were culture-positive 13.1%. Prevalence rose from 11.5% in 2020 to 14.9% in 2022, then stabilized at 12-13% in 2023-2024. Women accounted for 59.6% of cases, and patients ≥ 60 years were the most affected. Escherichia coli was the leading uropathogens 47.9%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 16.7% and Enterococcus spp. 4.6%. Significant increases in resistance were observed for several clinically important antimicrobials. Amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance increased significantly in both E. coli (+ 6.00% points/year; 95% CI: 2.83-8.82; FDR-p < 0.001) and K. pneumoniae (+ 5.21% points/year; 95% CI: 2.08-8.03; FDR-p = 0.002). Ceftriaxone and piperacillin-tazobactam resistance increased significantly in E. coli, while carbapenem resistance increased significantly in both species. Fluoroquinolone resistance also showed significant upward trends in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Among aminoglycosides, amikacin resistance increased significantly in both species, whereas gentamicin resistance increased significantly only in E. coli. No significant temporal trend was observed for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in either species.
conclusionUTIs remain common, with E. coli and K. pneumoniae showing increasing resistance trends, particularly against β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and aminoglycosides. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and support the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.