Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42897431›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

Hemodynamic and Geometrical Parameters Associated with Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study Using 4D Flow MRI and CFD.

Ali Mokhtari, Ariel Bergmann, Christoph Strecker, Jonathan Andrae, Andreas Harloff, Dominik Obrist

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Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ali MokhtariARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ali.mokhtari@unibe.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8864-6988
Ariel BergmannARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Christoph StreckerDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Jonathan AndraeDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Andreas HarloffDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Dominik ObristARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft HA 5399/6-1Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 205321L 197189
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCarotid geometry and local hemodynamics are closely associated with atherosclerosis, yet how anatomy and disturbed flow jointly mark disease presence and relate to pro-atherogenic flow in still-non-stenosed bifurcations remains unresolved. This study quantifies the cross-sectional association between three-dimensional carotid bifurcation geometry and pro-atherogenic flow and identifies anatomical biomarkers for non-invasive risk stratification.

methodsGeometric analyses included 346 carotid bifurcations, comprising 240 stenosed and 106 non-stenosed bifurcations. Patient-specific CFD was performed in 176 bifurcations: 101 stenosed and 75 non-stenosed. Eight geometric descriptors, including a new offset flow divider capturing bifurcation apex asymmetry, and four ICA bulb hemodynamic indices (TAWSS, OSI, RRT, BFI) were extracted; logistic and linear regression assessed the association of geometry with (i) stenosis presence and (ii) pro-atherogenic flow.

resultsBifurcation angle, ICA angle, tortuosity, and offset flow divider were significantly elevated in stenosed bifurcations (all

conclusionsCarotid geometry carries two complementary signals: markers of disease presence (bifurcation angle, ICA angle) and candidate anatomical substrates of pro-atherogenic flow in still-non-stenosed bifurcations (bulb area, area ratio). Together with the post-stenotic expansion ratio, these geometric features define a compact, image-derivable set of candidate biomarkers for future early carotid risk stratification.

Indexed as

4D flow MRICarotid bifurcationCarotid stenosisComputational fluid dynamicsGeometric biomarkersHemodynamic biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID42897431

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.