Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42897295›Full record

ArticleMolecular neurobiology2026

The molecular footprint of valproic acid in human hippocampal organoid.

Bishwa R Pokharel, Paul P Cook, Shaw M Akula

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Bishwa R PokharelDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
Paul P CookDepartment of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. cookp@ecu.edu.
Shaw M AkulaDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. akulas@ecu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7990-7307

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by neuroinflammation, and disruption in neuronal development. Valproic acid (VPA) is a known environmental risk factor for ASD. Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs IMR90-4)-derived human hippocampal organoids (hHOs) at 60 days of development were used to investigate VPA-induced changes in mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiles. The molecular effects of VPA on hHOs were deciphered by meaningfully integrating the ability of miRNA to regulate expression of their predicted mRNA targets crucial to altering neuroinflammatory pathways. Molecular footprint can be defined as the VPA-induced changes to the miRNA profile resulting in coordinated post-transcriptional (mRNA) regulation of neuronal and inflammatory pathways associated with ASD. Based on the results, the molecular footprint of VPA in hHOs was generated for the first time. These findings highlight the contribution of miRNA-mediated regulatory mRNA networks to VPA-induced neuroinflammation-associated with ASD in hHOs.

Indexed as

HippocampusOrganoidsValproic AcidGene Expression RegulationHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMicroRNAsRNA, MessengerMicroRNAsRNA, MessengerValproic AcidAutismHippocampusMiRNAOrganoidVPA

Identifiers

PMID42897295
PMCPMC13680533

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.