ArticleMedical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran2026
Potential Renoprotective Effect of Pirfenidone And Silymarin in Acute Kidney Injury Through Targeting miRNA 21.
Article in Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Pirfenidone (PFD) and silymarin (SIL) have demonstrated diverse pharmacological activities and investigated for their renoprotective potential in acute kidney injury (AKI). Their mechanisms involve antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and microRNA mediated pathways. This study evaluated their efficacy against folic acid induced AKI, with emphasis on modulation of miRNA 21. Methods: 24 adult male albino rats were selected and distributed into four groups . Group 1 (Control): 6 rats received NaHCO3. To induce AKI in the remaining rats, a single dose of folic acid was administered intraperitoneally (250 mg/Kg). Rats were randomly distributed among groups consisting of: Group 2 (50 mg of folic acid was administered intraperitoneally); Group 3 (Administered folic acid and orally treated with pirfenidone at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day); Group 4 (Administered folic acid and orally treated with silymarin 200 mg/kg/day). Both drugs were administered for three days prior to AKI induction and continued for four days thereafter, the all rats were sacrificed, blood samples were drawn, and renal tissues were harvested for renal function, oxidative stress markers, cytokines (TNF α, TGF β, IL 10), and miRNA 21 expression assessment. Histopathological changes were evaluated by H&E and PAS staining. Results: Folic acid significantly elevated serum creatinine (2.68±0.10 vs. 0.70±0.06 in controls), urea (83.06±2.97 vs. 30.51±3.55), MDA (3.78±0.19 vs. 1.02±0.07), TNFα (137.36±4.98 vs. 42.15±3.12), and miRNA‑21 (2.64±0.13 vs. 1.01±0.05; Conclusion: Both pirfenidone and silymarin attenuate folic acid-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) through antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and miRNA 21 modulating effects. Silymarin demonstrated more protective effect. These findings support silymarin as a promising candidate for nephroprotection and warrant further mechanistic investigation.
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