ArticleJournal of clinical and experimental dentistry2026
Influence of dentin depth and hemostatic contamination on microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive: Effect of phosphoric acid re-etching as a rescue protocol.
Article in Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the influence of dentin depth and surface treatment on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin contaminated with an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent, and assessed the effectiveness of phosphoric acid re-etching as a contamination management strategy. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human third molars were assigned to six groups (n=10) based on dentin depth (superficial or deep) and surface treatment (control, contamination, and contamination followed by phosphoric acid re-etching). A universal adhesive was applied in self-etch mode for control and contamination groups, and in etch-and-rinse mode following the rescue protocol. Composite build-up was performed and specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycles). µTBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05). Failure modes were evaluated using stereomicroscopy and analyzed with Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Superficial dentin demonstrated significantly higher µTBS than deep dentin (p<0.001). Aluminum chloride contamination significantly reduced bond strength in both substrates (p<0.05). Phosphoric acid re-etching significantly improved bond strength in superficial dentin (p<0.05) but did not restore control values. In deep dentin, the rescue protocol did not significantly improve bond strength (p>0.05). A significant interaction between dentin depth and surface treatment was observed (p=0.001). Conclusions: Dentin depth significantly influences the effectiveness of contamination management strategies. Phosphoric acid re-etching partially restores bond strength in superficial dentin but is ineffective in deep dentin, indicating that contamination management is substrate-dependent.
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