ArticleBMC public health2026
Demographic and socioeconomic determinants influencing households' engagement in out-of-home food consumption in the Western region of Ghana.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence indicates that foods consumed outside the home are often more energy-dense and less nutrient-rich than home-prepared meals, contributing to poorer dietary quality and increased risks of overweight, obesity, and other diet-related non-communicable diseases.
objectiveTherefore, the study sought to examine the extent to which demographic and socioeconomic determinants influence households' engagement in out-of-home food consumption in the Western region of Ghana.
methodsThe study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design and applied a four multistage sampling technique to select 1,200 household heads from eight communities across four districts in the Western region. The study was conducted from 5 June 2025 to 4 June 2026. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire developed to measure the variables of interest. The data were analyzed using frequency distributions, Pearson's chi-square test, and binary logistic regression in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27, with the level of statistical significance set at 0.05.
resultsThe study found that the majority of households (54.5%) had engaged in out-of-home food consumption, while 45.5% did not. The study found that households with a tertiary school education (AOR = 1.543; 95% CI: 1.014-2.347; p=.043), and females (AOR = 1.461; 95% CI: 1.047-2.037; p=.026) had greater odds of engaging in out-of-home food consumption. The study found that households with a secondary school education (AOR=0.442; 95% CI: 0.295-0.663; p<.001), those with a vocational training school education (AOR=0.135; 95% CI: 0.079-0.231; p<.001), and rural dwellers (AOR=0.140; 95% CI: 0.308-0.547; p<.001) had lower odds of engaging in out-of-home food consumption.
conclusionThe study findings demonstrate that demographic and socioeconomic factors significantly influence households' engagement in out-of-home food consumption. It highlights the need for targeted nutrition education, public health interventions, and food policies aimed at promoting healthier out-of-home food choices and improving food safety standards, particularly among urban and highly educated populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.