ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026
Medication non-adherence among heart failure patients: a multi-hospital, multi-dimensional analytical study in Punjab, Pakistan.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeart failure (HF) has been a significant health problem among the population, with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure across the world. In Pakistan, HF-specific non-adherence data are limited, which restricts clinicians to come up with interventions that can be used to address the at-risk population. Accordingly, the newly-conducted study intended to determine the incidence of medication non-adherence and predictors at various levels (sociodemographic, clinical, treatment-related, and behavioral) among heart failure patients.
methodsThis survey was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 9,377 eligible patients between January 2024 and April 2025 in 20 public and private healthcare facilities across Punjab, Pakistan. The primary outcome was non-adherence to medications assessed through the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Scale (SEAMS) and self-reported number of pills. Study variables were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-square/Fisher's exact test, independent t-test/ANOVA, and a generalized linear model (GLM) with a logit link function (multivariable logistic regression) were employed to assess associations with demographic characteristics. Seaborn and Matplotlib were used to create a heatmap and an odds ratio plot, respectively.
resultsNon-adherence to medication is alarmingly prevalent among heart failure (Hf) patients in Punjab, Pakistan (50.1%), and the mean SEAMS score was 31.65 ± 7.69, indicating moderate to high levels of self-efficacy in medication-taking behavior. Socio-demographic predictors including female gender (AOR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.039 - 1.926), primary and secondary education (AOR = 1.285, 95% CI: 1.074-1.481), monthly income 10,000-25000 (AOR = 1.292, 95% CI: 0.616-0.993), no health insurance (AOR = 1.276, 95% CI: 1.138-1.430) had increased odds of non-adherence. Clinical and health-related predictors such as the presence of comorbidities, especially diabetes (AOR = 1.164, 95% CI: 1.0511.428), and non-hospitalized patients (AOR = 1.236, 95% CI: 1.122-1.362).
conclusionNon-adherence to medication is extremely common in heart failure patients and depends on various sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Specific interventions to deal with these determinants can aid in improving adherence and clinical outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.