Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42893974›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

A modular synthetic promoter toolkit for programmable gene control in activated and chronically stimulated T cells.

Giuliano Bonfá, Giovanna Martino, Assunta Sellitto, Juan Luis Blazquez-Roman, Fabiana Tedeschi, Antonio Rinaldi, Caio Raony Farina Silveira, Francesca Piro, Fabio Caliendo, Loris Melchiorri and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Giuliano Bonfá *Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2257-5502
Giovanna Martino *Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-6928-6648
Assunta SellittoCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Juan Luis Blazquez-RomanCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Fabiana TedeschiCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Antonio RinaldiCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Caio Raony Farina SilveiraDivision of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5778-7789
Francesca PiroCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-7865-2037
Fabio CaliendoSynthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Loris MelchiorriCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Daniela PernaCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Rita TarnaiCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy.
Christoph Heuser-LoyDivision of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1410-7573
Fabio MastrogiovanniDivision of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.
Timea VadászDivision of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8570-7125
Freddie StarkeyInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Evangelos NikoladosInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Filippo MenolascinaInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4937-7912
Luca GattinoniDivision of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2239-3282
Velia SicilianoCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT, Naples, Italy. velia.siciliano@iit.it.ORCID 0000-0001-7734-9153

Funding

EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council) 852012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synthetic circuits that couple transgene expression to endogenous transcription factor (TF) activity enable cellular response to changing functional states. In T cells, antigen stimulation results in dynamic changes of transcription factor expression programs. Harnessing these endogenous TF dynamics for programmable gene control remains an important challenge in engineered T cells. Here, we develop a library of synthetic promoters (SPs) responsive to seven TFs identified through transcriptomic analysis of T-cell activation programs. These promoters couple endogenous TF activity to transcriptional output across a broad dynamic range of inducibility and basal expression. We quantitatively profile promoter performance in HEK293 and Jurkat cells, evaluate them for orthogonality, and integrate them into Boolean logic gate architectures and network topologies to minimize basal transcriptional leakiness and improve ON/OFF ratios. We test selected synthetic promoters in primary human CD8⁺ T cells, under endogenous TF regulation, and we further characterize the NR4A2-responsive promoter subset in vitro and in tumor-infiltrating engineered T cells in a melanoma xenograft model, demonstrating dynamic and reversible activation.Together, these results provide a modular SP toolkit of TF-responsive synthetic promoters for programmable transcriptional control in engineered T cells.

Indexed as

CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesGene Expression RegulationLymphocyte ActivationPromoter Regions, GeneticT-LymphocytesAnimalsHEK293 CellsHumansJurkat CellsMelanomaMiceTranscription FactorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID42893974
PMCPMC13677741

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.