Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42893572›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical entomology2026

Potential geographic distribution and host utilization of Alectorobius puertoricensis (Ixodida: Argasidae) in the Caribbean Basin: a putative vector of African swine fever virus.

Taylor G Donaldson, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Charluz M Arocho Rosario, Pete D Teel, William E Grant, Gabriel L Hamer, Kathleen C O'Hara, Angela M James, Phillip E Kaufman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical entomology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Taylor G DonaldsonDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0434-7776
Hsiao-Hsuan WangDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7850-0406
Charluz M Arocho RosarioDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5454-0924
Pete D TeelDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0625-3028
William E GrantDepartment of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Gabriel L HamerDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA.
Kathleen C O'HaraUSDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS), Aquaculture, Swine, Equine and Poultry Health Center (ASEP), Raleigh, NC, USA.
Angela M JamesUSDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS), Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH), Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Phillip E KaufmanDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA.

Funding

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health AP23VSSP0000C118Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health AP24VSSP000C129United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)USDAUS government determination
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alectorobius puertoricensis (Fox 1947) (Ixodida: Argasidae) is a nidicolous soft tick distributed throughout the Caribbean Basin and has been experimentally shown to transmit African swine fever virus (ASFV). Given the reemergence of African swine fever (ASF) in the Caribbean in 2021, defining the potential distribution, host utilization, and environmental conditions of this tick species is essential for assessing its regional ASFV risk in the western hemisphere. This study compiled historical occurrence records and hosts associated with A. puertoricensis from published literature and diagnostic reports. These data were used to develop a species distribution model using Maxent to estimate the potential geographic distribution of A. puertoricensis across the Caribbean Basin. Environmental predictors were selected based on biological relevance and collinearity assessment within a defined area. Model performance indicated good discriminatory ability, with the potential geographic distribution concentrated in lowland tropical and subtropical regions characterized by warm temperatures and variable precipitation. Host records demonstrated a broad variety of vertebrate hosts, with rodents representing the most frequently documented hosts, consistent with a potential role in maintaining local tick populations. Several occurrence records placed A. puertoricensis in peridomestic and livestock-associated environments relevant to swine exposure. When interpreted in the context of regional animal movement and connectivity, areas where environmental suitability for A. puertoricensis overlaps with ports, coastal communities, and population centers may represent elevated concern for ASF exposure should the virus be introduced. These findings provide a framework for incorporating soft tick ecology into ASF preparedness and surveillance efforts in the Caribbean.

Indexed as

Animal DistributionArachnid VectorsArgasidaeAfrican Swine FeverAfrican Swine Fever VirusAnimalsCaribbean RegionMaxentsoft tickspecies distribution modeling

Identifiers

PMID42893572
PMCPMC13677060

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.