ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2026
NMDAR subunit GluN1 dynamics in urinary astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and objectives: Longitudinal measurement Methods: We collected 18 morning urine samples from the patient over 34 days of hospitalisation, as well as 15 samples from a healthy control. We isolated uADEVs, measured GluN1 concentrations, and used a wavelet transform to analyse the time-frequency dynamics of the GluN1 signal. Results: Compared with the control, GluN1 levels in the patient's uADEVs were higher on average and more variable over time. Wavelet analysis resolved (i) a low-frequency trend that decreased over time, matching the decrease of GluN1 in cerebrospinal fluid associated with clinical recovery; and (ii) a higher frequency oscillation, with GluN1 levels peaking about 48-72 hours after each of 4 cycles of methotrexate infusion. Conclusion: This case study provides preliminary evidence that urinary ADEV sampling is feasible for measuring brain biomarker dynamics linked to the clinical course and treatment of auto-immune encephalitis.
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