ReviewDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026
Adherence and Persistence to Injectable versus Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Systematic Review and Analysis.
Review in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires sustained glycemic control to prevent long-term complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are effective therapies, traditionally administered via injection. The introduction of oral formulations, such as oral semaglutide, may improve patient adherence and persistence. Methods: A systematic review with descriptive pooled synthesis was conducted using studies identified from PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and relevant real-world observational data sources. Adherence and persistence outcomes were summarized and compared descriptively between injectable and oral GLP-1 RAs. Results: Across the included total of 13 studies and medical records, data from 1348 patients were summarized. Oral GLP-1 RAs were associated with higher reported adherence (70.8% vs 62.4%) and persistence (62.1% vs 47.8%) compared with injectable formulations. A chi-square test of independence showed that the difference in adherence between oral and injectable GLP-1 was significant; ( Conclusion: Oral GLP-1 RAs may be associated with improved adherence and persistence in patients with T2DM. These findings suggest that formulation choice may influence long-term diabetes treatment continuation, although further study-level meta-analytic research is needed.
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