ArticleiScience2026
The effectiveness of sound-based interventions on promoting sleep quality in hospitalized patients: A systematic review.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Sleep quality strongly affects hospitalized patients' recovery, yet pain, anxiety, and environmental factors such as noise and light frequently disrupt it. Sound-based therapies offer a promising, non-pharmacological approach, but their effectiveness has not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review examined fifteen studies (2012-2026, 2024 patients, mostly intensive care settings) evaluating sound-based interventions, including calming music, nature sounds, and white noise, on sleep quality. Intervention duration and timing varied widely, from brief five-minute sessions to continuous overnight administration, and sleep quality was most often measured using validated questionnaires. Despite substantial heterogeneity, sound-based interventions were associated with an overall improvement in sleep quality, although effect sizes varied considerably and several studies showed no significant benefit. These findings support the potential of low-cost, non-pharmacological sound interventions to improve sleep in hospital settings, while underscoring the need for further research to clarify which intervention characteristics drive effectiveness.
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