Observational studyMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2026
Association of Visual Impairment With Medication Adherence and Unintentional Nonadherence Behaviors in Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.
Observational study in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual impairment can hinder medication self-management in older adults, but severity-specific associations with adherence across chronic disease regimens are not well characterized. MATERIAL AND METHODS This single-center cross-sectional observational study included 100 consecutive outpatients older than 60 years with at least 1 chronic disease and long-term medication use at a tertiary geriatric clinic in 2024. Data were obtained through medical-record abstraction, nurse-administered interviews, and task-based observation at the index visit. Better-eye best-corrected visual acuity was categorized as normal vision or mild, moderate, or severe visual impairment. Adherence was assessed with the Chinese 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Study-specific unintentional nonadherence behaviors were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Mean MMAS-8 scores declined from 7.32 (SD, 0.74) in normal vision to 6.09 (SD, 0.79), 5.21 (SD, 1.12), and 4.29 (SD, 1.52) in mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment, respectively (F=34.96, P<0.001). Conversely, low adherence increased from 3.7% in the normal-vision group to 45.0%, 71.4%, and 88.9% in the mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment groups, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for low adherence were 3.45 (95% CI, 1.18-10.13), 8.72 (95% CI, 2.94-25.83), and 16.45 (95% CI, 4.21-64.23) for mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment versus normal vision. CONCLUSIONS Greater visual impairment severity was associated with lower adherence and more frequent exploratory indicators of unintentional medication-use difficulty. These cross-sectional, single-center findings are hypothesis-generating and require prospective validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.