Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42892640›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

A dataset on radical and extremist attitudes in Europe.

Sebastian Jungkunz, Nina Fadarkhan Osenbrügge, Marc Helbling

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sebastian JungkunzMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany. sebastian.jungkunz@soziologie.uni-halle.de.
Nina Fadarkhan OsenbrüggeUniversity of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8330-6027
Marc HelblingUniversity of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 438614532
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This dataset introduces the first cross-nationally validated measurement scales for left-wing and right-wing radicalism, and general political extremism, along with an implicit association test (IAT) for implicit political extremism in the Western world. It includes data from more than 18,000 participants collected through ten surveys conducted between 2022 and 2024 in France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, and the United States. The dataset facilitates comparative analyses of the origins and consequences of radical and extremist attitudes across different political systems. Moreover, by linking attitudinal measures with behavioral indicators such as party support, it provides a foundation for examining how latent forms of extremism are translated into political action. Beyond extremism research, the dataset contributes to the broader study of democratic resilience, political polarization, and ideological belief structures.

Identifiers

PMID42892640
PMCPMC13676619

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.