ArticleClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
Tumor-related local complications as a major contributor to mortality after definitive radiotherapy for unresectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
Article in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study investigated oncologic outcomes and causes of death after radiotherapy in patients with unresectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 74 patients with localized unresectable or inoperable extrahepatic bile duct cancer treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy between September 2005 and February 2019. Fifty-five patients (74.3%) underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and 19 patients (25.7%) received intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Induction chemotherapy was administered in 18 patients and 57 patients received concurrent chemotherapy.
resultsAmong all patients, 90.5% (67/74) had perihilar bile duct cancer, and the median radiotherapy dose was 54.0 Gy. With a median follow-up of 16.2 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 11.5 and 18.3 months, respectively. Distant metastasis was the predominant first failure pattern (52.7%), followed by locoregional progression (20.3%). The 1- and 2-year freedom from local progression rates were 86.3% and 36.2%, respectively. Cholangitis, liver failure, and tumor bleeding accounted for 26 of 65 deaths, corresponding to at least 40.0% of all deaths. Radiotherapy dose above 54 Gy was not significantly associated with freedom from local progression, progression-free survival, or overall survival. No patients experienced grade ≥ 3 acute gastrointestinal toxicity, whereas grade ≥ 3 late toxicities occurred in 8.1%.
conclusionDefinitive radiotherapy provided favorable local control with acceptable toxicity in unresectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Although distant metastasis was the predominant failure pattern, local complications accounted for at least 40% of deaths, supporting continued efforts to optimize local treatment alongside emerging systemic therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42891886What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.