ArticleBiologia futura2026
Culture-media-based evaluation of fungal diversity in petroleum-produced water: assessment of extracellular enzyme production.
Article in Biologia futura, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Petroleum-produced water (PW) represents a harsh environment under strong selective pressures, yet fungal diversity in these fluids remains poorly documented. This study investigated the culturable fungal diversity of PW and examined how well-specific environmental conditions and culture media may influence fungal recovery. The objectives were to determine culturable fungal diversity using saline and non-saline media, identify isolates using molecular methods, and screen for extracellular enzymatic activities (amylase, cellulase, lipase, and gelatinase). PW samples were collected from four oil wells in Adıyaman, Türkiye. Fungal growth was detected in all wells, with MK and SMT yielding the highest recovery (9 isolates each). Overall, 9 isolates were obtained from saline and 15 from non-saline media, with Czapek dox agar (8 isolates) and dichloran glycerol 18 agar (6 isolates) yielding the highest recovery. Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus proliferans, Cladosporium funiculosum, Penicillium goetzii, and Steccherinum ochraceum are reported here for the first time from PW. The isolates were predominantly affiliated with Aspergillus and Penicillium, with Penicillium chrysogenum being the most frequently recovered species. All isolates exhibited at least one extracellular enzyme activity; notably, only P. chrysogenum P6, recovered from saline Czapek dox agar, exhibited all four activities. The observed differences in isolate recovery among wells and culture media may reflect the influence of local physicochemical conditions and cultivation conditions on the recovery of culturable fungi. However, these patterns should be interpreted cautiously given the limited number of sampling sites and the inherent biases of culture-dependent approaches. The detected enzymatic activities provide preliminary evidence of the metabolic potential of PW-associated fungi and identify these isolates as potential sources of enzymes of ecological and biotechnological interest.
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