Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42891788›Full record

ArticleIrish journal of medical science2026

The association between the estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and multimorbidity: a national longitudinal study.

Juan Peng, Li Chen, Zishun Zhan, Bin Yi, Dan Li, Aimei Li

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In one paragraph

Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Juan PengDepartment of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
Li ChenDepartment of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
Zishun ZhanDepartment of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
Bin YiDepartment of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
Dan LiDepartment of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. 228301009@csu.edu.cn.
Aimei LiDepartment of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. aimei_lam@163.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China 2024JJ4084Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University YX202207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the relationship between E-sdLDL-C and the risk of multimorbidity and to explore whether E-sdLDL-C is a stronger predictor of multimorbidity than the traditional lipid profiles.

methodsThis study included 10,763 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 7,321 in the longitudinal analysis from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, all of whom were aged over 45 years. E-sdLDL-C was calculated using the formula: E-sdLDL-C (mg/dL) = LDL-C -(1.43 × LDL-C -(0.14 × (ln (TG) × LDL-C)) - 8.99). Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of at least two chronic diseases. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between E-sdLDL-C and traditional lipid profiles and multimorbidity, respectively. Additionally, cumulative E-sdLDL-C (CumE-sdLDL-C) exposure was analyzed to assess its long-term impact on multimorbidity development.

resultsCompared to individuals with lower E-sdLDL-C levels, those with higher E-sdLDL-C levels had a significantly increased risk of multimorbidity in both cross-sectional (odds ratio [OR] 1.223, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.095-1.366) and cohort analyses (hazard ratio [HR] 1.278, 95% CI 1.163-1.404). Discordantly high E‑sdLDL‑C had a higher risk of multimorbidity in discordance analyses with triglycerides (HR 1.251, 95% CI 1.094-1.429) as compared with the respective concordantly low groups. Furthermore, higher CumE-sdLDL-C exposure was associated with an increased risk of incident multimorbidity (HR 1.335, 95% CI 1.098-1.623).

conclusionsElevated E-sdLDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity in middle‑aged and older adults, both at baseline and over time.

Indexed as

Cumulative E-sdLDL-CEstimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterolMultimorbidityTraditional lipid profiles

Identifiers

PMID42891788

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.