Observational studyClinical oral investigations2026
Clinical and ultrasonographic assessment of periodontal tissue response during the early fixed-retention phase: A prospective cohort study.
Observational study in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07414264 (Ultrasonographic Analysis of the Effects of Fixed Lingual Retainer Placed After Orthodontic Treatment on Periodontal Parameters), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Ultrasonographic Analysis of the Effects of Fixed Lingual Retainer Placed After Orthodontic Treatment on Periodontal Parameters
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate periodontal hard- and soft-tissue changes during the early fixed-retention phase after orthodontic treatment using high-frequency intraoral ultrasonography, with a focus on post-treatment sagittal tooth inclination.
methodsIn this prospective cohort study, 53 systemically healthy participants who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment within the preceding week were followed for 6 months. Overall, 636 anterior teeth were categorized as maxillary retroclination (U-Ret), maxillary proclination (U-Pro), mandibular retroclination (L-Ret) and mandibular proclination (L-Pro). Clinical periodontal parameters and ultrasonographic measurements were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Ultrasound outcomes included marginal bone level (MBL), marginal bone thickness (MBT), supracrestal tissue height (STH), and gingival thickness at 1 (GT1) and 2 mm (GT2) apical to the free gingival margin. Data were analyzed using linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models.
resultsPlaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing generally decreased, while probing depth remained stable. From baseline to 6 months, keratinized tissue width decreased significantly in proclination groups and increased in retroclination groups (p<0.001). In contrast, ultrasonography detected inclination-dependent structural changes. U-Pro and L-Pro groups showed significant reductions in MBT, GT1, and GT2 over 6 months (p<0.001), while L-Ret demonstrated significant increases in MBT and GT (p<0.001). MBL remained stable across all groups.
conclusionsThe early fixed-retention phase may appear clinically stable while showing measurable buccal tissue changes, particularly around proclined teeth with a thin phenotype. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intraoral ultrasonography may help clinicians monitor subtle periodontal hard- and soft-tissue adaptations during orthodontic retention. (Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT07414264).
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