ArticleBioMed research international2026
Dry Eye Symptoms and Ocular Discomfort Among Palestinian University Students With and Without Contact Lens Use: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOcular dryness and discomfort are commonly reported by contact lens wearers, particularly among young adults. This study evaluated self-reported ocular symptoms among Palestinian university students and compared contact lens users with nonusers.
methodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Palestinian university students using dry eye symptom (DES) items, the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8), and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Descriptive, comparative, and multivariable analyses were performed to examine ocular symptoms and their associations with contact lens use and relevant participant characteristics.
resultsA total of 408 students participated, of whom 202 (49.5%) were contact lens users and 87.7% were female. Dryness and sandy/gritty sensation were reported significantly more frequently by contact lens users than nonusers (both p < 0.001). Among contact lens users, 82.7% had OSDI scores ≥ 13, compared with 78.1% of nonusers; however, neither OSDI symptom-category distribution (p = 0.496) nor mean OSDI score (29.18 ± 19.05 vs. 26.84 ± 17.65; p = 0.20) differed significantly between groups. Among contact lens users, CLDEQ-8 responses indicated a high burden of lens-related discomfort and dryness. In multivariable analysis, contact lens use was not independently associated with OSDI score after adjustment for gender and daily screen exposure (B = 2.15, 95% CI -1.46 to 5.77; p = 0.242). Participants reporting > 8 h/day of screen exposure had significantly higher OSDI scores than those reporting 2-4 h/day (B = 10.37, 95% CI 0.45 to 20.29; p = 0.040).
conclusionsSelf-reported ocular dryness and discomfort were common among Palestinian university students. Contact lens users reported some ocular symptoms more frequently and experienced substantial lens-related discomfort, but contact lens use was not independently associated with greater overall OSDI symptom burden after adjustment for gender and screen exposure. Because objective tear-film and ocular-surface assessments were not performed, these findings should not be interpreted as establishing dry eye disease or attributing the reported symptoms specifically to contact lens wear.
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