Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42891468›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical physics

Commissioning of Medical Linear Accelerators in India: A Survey of Regulatory Compliance, Clinical Implementation, and Professional Challenges.

R C Muhammed Anaz, Shrikant Kale, Ritu Raj Upreti, Raghavendra Hajare, Shubham Gadge, Avdhoot Sutar, Udita Upreti, Yogesh Ghadi, Priyadarshini Sahoo, Ritesh Mhatre and 1 more

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Article in Journal of medical physics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

R C Muhammed AnazDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Shrikant KaleDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Ritu Raj UpretiDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Raghavendra HajareDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Shubham GadgeDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Avdhoot SutarDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Udita UpretiDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Yogesh GhadiDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Priyadarshini SahooDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Ritesh MhatreDepartment of Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Jai Prakash AgarwalHomi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated current clinical practices, regulatory compliance, and professional challenges encountered during the commissioning of advanced Linear Accelerators (LINACs) in India. Materials and Methods: A nationwide survey using a structured 20-item questionnaire was conducted from August 2025 to March 2026. The questionnaire covered commissioning practices, staffing and vendor support, quality assurance (QA) procedures, clinical implementation, and participant opinions and suggestions. Responses were analyzed to assess trends in technology adoption and variations in commissioning workflows. Results: Data were obtained for 75 LINACs commissioned between 2020 and 2025 across 67 institutions. Frequently commissioned systems included Varian TrueBeam (37.3%), Varian Halcyon (18.7%), and Elekta Versa HD (16%). Advanced treatment techniques such as Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Stereotactic Radio Surgery (SRS), and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) were commonly implemented; however, Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) and Total Body Irradiation (TBI) commissioning remained limited. More than one-fourth of the participants (26.7%) had no prior experience in LINAC commissioning. 87.8% participants considered the existing Atomic Energy Regulatory Board's QA requirements adequate, 89.3% supported mandatory inclusion of Treatment Planning System QA within the licensing process. Small-field dosimetry following International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) TRS-483 guidelines was performed by 60.8% of centers, while 77.3% had not participated in external dosimetric audits. Major challenges included workforce shortages and balancing commissioning with routine clinical responsibilities. Independent peer review before clinical implementation was recommended by 81.3% of respondents. Conclusion: Advanced LINAC technologies are being successfully adopted in India; however, greater standardization, structured training, external audit participation, and independent verification frameworks are required to strengthen commissioning quality and patient safety across radiotherapy centers nationwide.

Indexed as

Linear accelerator commissioningmedical physics practice and challengesregulatory quality assurance

Identifiers

PMID42891468
PMCPMC13675031

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.