Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42890944›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Regional and socioeconomic inequalities and factors associated with low birth weight in Ghana: a multilevel analysis of the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.

Samuel Antwi, Mabel Pokua Amoako-Boateng, John Kuumuori Ganle, Kofi Agyabeng, Godwin Adzakpah, Morrison Asiamah, Welbeck Amoani Twum, Victor Luckyboy Dzramado, Rebecca Ofosu, Eric Koka

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Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

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10 authors.

Samuel AntwiSchool of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Mabel Pokua Amoako-BoatengSchool of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
John Kuumuori GanleSchool of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Kofi AgyabengSchool of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Godwin AdzakpahDepartment of Health Information Management, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Morrison AsiamahSchool of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Welbeck Amoani TwumSchool of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Victor Luckyboy DzramadoDepartment of Biostatistics, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Rebecca OfosuDepartment of Health Information Management, Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Eric KokaDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Ghana, socioeconomic and regional inequalities in birth outcomes persist. This study examined LBW prevalence, socioeconomic and regional inequalities, and factors associated with LBW using nationally representative data. Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) was conducted using a weighted sample of 5,768 live births to women aged 15-49 years. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with LBW, with a random intercept specified at the DHS cluster level. Socioeconomic inequality was assessed using a concentration curve ranked by household wealth. Regional differences were described using regional prevalence estimates, while between-cluster variation was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and median odds ratio (MOR). Results: The overall prevalence of LBW was 11.0%. Prevalence was highest among births in the poorest and poorer wealth quintiles (13%) and lowest in the richest quintile (6%). Regionally, prevalence was highest in Ashanti (15%) and Northern (14%) and lowest in Greater Accra (6%). In the fully adjusted multilevel model ( Conclusions: LBW prevalence varied across socioeconomic and regional groups in Ghana. Multiple pregnancy and adequate ANC attendance were the principal factors associated with LBW in the fully adjusted model, while household wealth was not statistically significant after adjustment. The findings support strengthening quality ANC, particularly for pregnancies at higher risk, alongside equity-oriented maternal and newborn health services.

Indexed as

Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)determinantsGhanalow birth weightregional disparitiessocioeconomic inequalities

Identifiers

PMID42890944
PMCPMC13672600

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