ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Probiotic modulation of the neonatal gut-lung axis in the regulation of early respiratory function.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The gut -lung axis represents bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems that contributes to immune regulation and inflammatory homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic-conditioned media (PCM) and live probiotics on epithelial barrier function, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function using Caco-2 intestinal epithelial and A549 pulmonary epithelial cell models under inflammatory conditions. Methods: Cells were treated with 20% PCM or live probiotics at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50:1 and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL) or TNF-α (10 ng/mL). Barrier integrity was evaluated using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran permeability assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), inflammatory and tight junction gene expression, and SCFA concentrations were assessed using DCFH-DA staining, JC-1 staining, qPCR, and GC-MS, respectively. All experiments comprised three independent biological replicates (n=3), with data presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple-comparison test. Results: Probiotic treatment increased TEER from 318 ± 21 Ω·cm Discussion: Collectively, probiotics and PCM supported epithelial protection by improving barrier integrity and attenuating inflammatory and oxidative responses, with increased SCFA production representing a potential contributing mechanism.
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