ArticleNanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)2026
Vectorial Diffractive Neural Metasurfaces for Multiplexed Synthesis of Optical Skyrmions.
Article in Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The synthesis of complex vectorial light fields with nontrivial topological polarization textures requires the coordinated control of spatial amplitude, phase, and polarization. A central challenge is to realize such multidimensional control in a compact physical architecture while retaining multiplexing capability. Here, we propose a vectorial diffractive neural network (VDNN) based on three cascaded metasurfaces for compact passive synthesis of topological vector light fields. By jointly encoding phase and polarization responses across the cascaded layers, the VDNN enables spatially multiplexed generation of multiple skyrmionic and bimeronic states. In a representative design, we demonstrate up to 16 topological textures with numerically evaluated average skyrmion numbers of
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