ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Microvascular Reconstruction in Ballistic Injuries of the Maxillofacial Region.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ballistic injuries to the maxillofacial region pose a major reconstructive challenge due to complex anatomy and the need to restore both aesthetic appearance and essential functions such as speech and swallowing. This study evaluates microvascular reconstruction strategies and associated complications in these injuries. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed, including patients treated at a level I trauma center during a 10-year period. Inclusion criteria were (1) ballistic injury to the lower face or midface, (2) tissue loss requiring microvascular reconstruction, and (3) complete clinical and radiological documentation. Data collected included demographics, injury characteristics, reconstructive techniques, complications, and microbiological findings. Results: Nine patients underwent microvascular reconstruction between 2015 and 2025, with a total of 15 free flap procedures performed, including 10 fibula free flaps. One flap loss occurred due to infection 3 months postoperatively. Reconstruction was delayed in 7 cases. War-related injuries and delayed reconstruction were significantly associated with preoperative wound infection and detection of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDRGN) organisms ( Conclusions: Microvascular free flap reconstruction remains the gold standard for complex maxillofacial ballistic injuries, even under adverse conditions. War-related trauma and delayed reconstruction are strongly associated with infectious complications, particularly involving MDRGN, and should be carefully considered in perioperative management.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.