ArticleJournal of graduate medical education2026
Using Implementation Science to Explore the Integration of Entrustable Professional Activities in Swiss Cardiology Residency Training: A Qualitative Study.
Article in Journal of graduate medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Implementing entrustable professional activities (EPAs) necessitates faculty development, assessment standardization, and feasibility within established curricula. However, guidance for stakeholders involved in the implementation of EPAs in residency training is still limited. Objective: This study aims to support EPA implementation by exploring the experiences of lead implementers from different training sites. The research question is: Using an implementation science approach, what are the barriers and facilitators to the successful implementation of EPAs in residency training? Methods: Adopting a theory-informed design, we conducted a qualitative interview study using frameworks from implementation science to inform the interview guide and data analysis following the framework method. In 2024, we interviewed one lead individual responsible for EPA implementation at each of the 5 cardiology pilot training sites in Switzerland, thus covering all sites in the national pilot project. We used the framework method to systematically analyze the data, combining deductive and inductive steps. Results: We identified 4 dominant cross-site themes centered on feasibility, roles, acceptability, and adoption, with "resistance to change" emerging as a prominent inductive finding. Additional Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)-aligned subthemes illustrated contextual determinants across sites. Conclusions: Accessible guidance, workflow alignment, and dedicated facilitators support the successful integration of EPAs and thus, competency-based medical education, while resistance to change and sustainability planning remain key challenges.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.