ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Comparative analysis of microbial succession and biochemical changes in cigar tobacco filler and wrapper leaves during fermentation.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Bulk fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves couples microbial succession and chemical transformations; however, it remains unclear whether commercially distinct filler and wrapper leaves follow different ecological and biochemical trajectories under identical industrial conditions. Using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing, together with conventional chemical indices and volatile profiling, we tracked filler and wrapper leaves (two commercial cultivars, variety 204 and variety 108) through 0, 10, 18, 49, and 89 days of industrial bulk fermentation. The results revealed that reducing sugars declined by 63% in filler leaves (0.57 to 0.21%) and 66% in wrapper leaves (0.59 to 0.20%), whereas alkaloid dynamics differed between materials: filler leaves showed a transient mid-fermentation rise before decline, while wrapper leaves declined from the outset. Bacterial communities shifted from Proteobacteria-dominated early assemblages toward increased Firmicutes during later fermentation, with
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