ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Associations of multiregional OCTA metrics and systemic hematologic biomarkers With 12-month diabetic retinopathy progression.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: This study investigated the associations of multiregional macular and peripapillary OCTA metrics and systemic hematologic biomarkers with 12-month diabetic retinopathy progression and evaluated whether their combination improved prognostic discrimination. Methods: This single-center longitudinal cohort study included 55 adults with type 2 diabetes and established DR, contributing 108 eyes. Baseline macular and peripapillary vessel density parameters were obtained by OCTA, and peripheral blood laboratory markers were measured. DR progression was defined as worsening by at least two steps on the Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) at 12 months. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to account for within-participant inter-eye correlation. Univariable and multivariable GEE analyses were conducted to identify baseline factors independently associated with DR progression. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for the individual markers and combined models. Results: During follow-up, 52 eyes (48.15%) showed DR progression and 56 eyes (51.85%) did not. In the final multivariable GEE model, higher temporal peripapillary VD (adjusted OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.81-0.95), higher deep VD within the 1-3-mm parafoveal annulus (adjusted OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96; Conclusion: Lower temporal peripapillary VD, lower deep parafoveal VD, and lower peripheral blood lymphocyte count were associated with 12-month DR progression. Their combination demonstrated the highest apparent discrimination in this cohort. As this is a single-center exploratory cohort without external validation, these discriminative estimates should be regarded as apparent, and the model requires confirmation in larger, multicenter longitudinal studies before clinical application.
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