Prevalence of colorectal adenocarcinoma among Iraqi patients: a pathological analysis.

Introduction: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is a significant health concern in Iraq, with variations in demographic and histopathological characteristics compared to global trends. Material and methods: This study retrospectively analysed 120 colorectal carcinoma cases from multiple medical centres in Iraq to assess patient demographics, pathological features, and disease staging. Data were gathered, and variables were examined statistically. Results: The mean patient age was 58.6 years, with 35% of cases occurring in individuals under 50 years old, indicating a trend toward earlier onset. A slight male predominance was observed (54.2% male vs. 45.8% female). Tumour location was most frequently in the left colon (41.7%), followed by the right colon and rectum (29.2% each). Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type (66.7%), and 75% of patients presented with advanced disease stages (Stage II or III). Adverse prognostic factors, including lymphovascular invasion (37.5%), perineural invasion (25%), and tumour budding (16.7%), were also noted. Conclusions: The results underscore the need for enhanced screening programs and public health initiatives in Iraq to promote early detection and improve colorectal cancer outcomes.