ArticleACS omega2026
Superoxide Release from Macrophages upon Exposure to Secondary Organic Aerosols, Biomass, and Plastic Burning Particulate Matter.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key process for adverse health effects upon respiratory deposition of particulate matter (PM). Alveolar macrophages can release superoxide upon phagocytosis of PM through a process called the respiratory burst. The release of cellular ROS should depend on both PM composition and dose, but the dose-response relationship for various types of PM remains poorly quantified. Here we measure cellular superoxide production by macrophage cells exposed to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) derived from oxidation of limonene, toluene, and naphthalene, as well as PM generated from biomass burning and flaming combustion of five different types of plastics. We quantify cellular superoxide production over the span of 4 h after an initial exposure of macrophages to PM suspensions by applying a chemiluminescence assay combined with electron paramagnetic resonance. We then define the activation threshold as the dose at which cells exhibit a clear increase in superoxide production. Limonene SOA is found to induce the largest amount of superoxide release (∼32 μM) but has the largest activation threshold of 300 μg mL
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