ArticleACS omega2026
Eugenol-Functionalized Bovine Bone Substitutes for Potential Osteogenic Applications.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The study explored the role of eugenol-functionalized bovine bone substitutes in mitigating oxidative stress and promoting osteogenesis in vitro. Bovine bones were subjected to decellularization employing physicochemical and enzymatic procedures to prepare decellularized bovine bone scaffolds (DCC). Eugenol-chitosan functionalized DCC (ECF-DCC) bone substitutes were fabricated by ball-milling DCC scaffolds, spray-drying eugenol-chitosan particulates, integrating β-TCP, and lyophilizing the homogenized composites. ECF-DCC were comprehensively assessed by SEM-EDS, RAMAN spectroscopy, and osteoblast-based viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, osteogenic differentiation [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), mineralization], real-time PCR, and Western blotting. RAMAN spectroscopy confirmed successful eugenol functionalization of DCC substitutes, evidenced by characteristic aromatic CC and C-O vibrational peaks alongside preserved phosphate signatures. SEM-EDS revealed rough substitutes in 500-750 μm size with comparable elemental profiles. hFOB 1.19 cells were viable across all concentrations, with no significant increase in apoptosis, although a low-level necrosis was observed at 1000 μg/mL. ECF-DCC significantly reduced ROS generation compared to DCC. Gene expression analysis showed that ECF-DCC markedly reduced key proinflammatory cytokines including
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Registered trials
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