ArticleCase reports in pathology2026
Transformation to Plasmablastic Lymphoma Following CD19-Directed CAR T Cell Therapy for Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.
Article in Case reports in pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare, aggressive large B cell lymphoma characterized by plasmablastic morphology, terminal B cell (plasma cell) differentiation, frequent loss of conventional B cell markers, and poor clinical outcomes. Although classically associated with immunodeficiency and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, plasmablastic lymphoma has also been described as an uncommon mechanism of relapse after CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. We report a 69-year-old man with a remote history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and subsequent refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who developed rapidly progressive, CD19-negative plasmablastic lymphoma approximately 1 month after CD19-directed CAR-T therapy. Although DLBCL was of a nongerminal-center phenotype with expression of pan-B markers including CD19 and lack of CD138, the post-CAR-T transformed lymphoma demonstrated acquisition of plasmablastic morphology and CD138 expression, loss of pan-B markers and negative for EBV by in situ hybridization and HHV8 by immunostaining. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the plasmablastic lymphoma showed a
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