ArticleNutrition research and practice2026
Developing a sustainable dietary pattern for Korean adults using quadratic programming.
Article in Nutrition research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesDietary patterns play a critical role in mitigating environmental impacts while ensuring nutritional adequacy. Although several global models of sustainable diets have been proposed, evidence-based research reflecting Korea's unique dietary culture remains limited. This study aimed to develop a sustainable dietary pattern for Korean adults that balances cultural acceptability, nutritional adequacy, and environmental sustainability. SUBJECTS/
methodsQuadratic programming was applied to derive an optimized dietary pattern minimizing the deviations from the observed dietary intakes while satisfying cultural acceptability, nutritional adequacy, and environmental sustainability constraints. The model parameters were derived from nationally representative 24-h dietary recall data from 3,983 Korean adults aged 19-64 yrs in the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The cultural acceptability constraints were defined within the intake-distribution bounds at the food group and food subgroup levels. The nutritional adequacy constraints were based on the 2025 Korean Dietary Reference Intakes. The environmental sustainability constraints were implemented by progressively tightening the allowable level of diet-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Elasticity analysis identified the final optimized pattern, hereafter termed the sustainable dietary pattern.
resultsA sustainable dietary pattern was identified at a diet-related GHG emissions level of 2.19 kg CO
conclusionA sustainable dietary pattern satisfying the cultural acceptability, nutritional adequacy, and environmental sustainability constraints was identified. This pattern provides a scientific basis for developing Korean-style sustainable dietary guidelines and may inform future nutrition policies and food service practices.
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