Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2026
Anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody-based combination therapy for cervical cancer: a multicenter study with biomarker analysis.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cadonilimab is a PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody with robust activity in platinum-pretreated advanced cervical cancer, while its first-line value and resistance mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 52 treatment-naive patients with recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer (R/M CC) receiving cadonilimab plus chemotherapy. We assessed clinical efficacy and safety, and performed RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry for exploratory biomarker analysis. Results: The 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival and objective response rate were 82.6%, 66.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Main treatment-related adverse events included myelosuppression, thyroid dysfunction, gastrointestinal reactions and fatigue, demonstrating acceptable safety. Transcriptomic data showed suppressed Hippo, NF-κB, RIG-1 pathways and reduced M1-macrophage polarization in patients with longer PFS. Candidate genes including GGT6 and FRG2 were identified as putative resistance-associated markers in this small exploratory cohort. Higher M1-macrophage polarization and p-STAT1 expression were observed in short-PFS patients, indicating a possible link between p-STAT1 activation and M1-macrophage enrichment. Of note, outcomes should be interpreted considering the retrospective single-arm design and limited sample size. Conclusions: Cadonilimab-containing regimen achieved promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile as first-line therapy for R/M CC. The biomarker findings are exploratory and provide preliminary evidence for future research on bispecific-antibody resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.