ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Parameter optimization and mechanism of action of Light‑Emitting Diode phototherapy in a rat model of bacterial vaginosis.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the antibacterial effects of LED phototherapy on Methods: Bacterial colonies were irradiated with LEDs at different wavelengths (405 nm, 415 nm, 430 nm, 630 nm, 850 nm). Bacterial survival and morphology were assessed via colony counting, SYTO9/PI fluorescence staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Intracellular oxidative stress and antioxidant systems were quantitatively measured. Genomic DNA integrity was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to validate the bactericidal mechanism. The effects on vaginal epithelial cell (VK2/E6E7). viability were assessed using CCK-8 assays, ROS detection, and SYTO9/PI live/dead staining. A rat model of bacterial vaginosis was established to optimize vaginal LED irradiation parameters, with inflammatory cell infiltration assessed by H&E staining, and expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in vaginal tissues evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with semi-quantitative image analysis. Results: Among the tested wavelengths, 415 nm LED demonstrated optimal antibacterial efficacy. At 50 mW/cm² intensity for 30 min, it exhibited the most significant bactericidal effect against Conclusion: This study established the optimal LED irradiation conditions for BV-associated pathogens as 415 nm wavelength, 50 mW/cm² power, and 30 min exposure (irradiation dose 90 J/cm²). These conditions exert significant antibacterial effects against
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