ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Long-term visual outcomes and rotational stability of two diffractive toric intraocular lenses with different design combinations in cataract patients with long axial length.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Selecting intraocular lenses (IOLs) for cataract patients with long axial length remains challenging. Two diffractive toric IOLs with distinct design combinations-differing in material (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic acrylic), optical design (trifocal vs. bifocal), haptic configuration (C-loop vs. plate-haptic), and IOL color (yellow-tinted vs. clear)-represent commonly used options. This study compared their long-term visual outcomes and rotational stability. Notably, this study was not designed to isolate individual contributions of material or IOL color, as these factors covary; posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates were not systematically evaluated. Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled 57 patients (57 eyes) undergoing cataract surgery with toric multifocal IOL implantation (January-December 2023), including 29 eyes receiving the hydrophobic trifocal IOL and 28 eyes receiving the hydrophilic bifocal IOL. Sample size was based on IOL rotation as the primary endpoint (≥25 eyes per group to detect a 3° difference, 80% power, Results: At 3 months, mean rotation was (2.83 ± 2.56)° in the hydrophobic trifocal group and (3.25 ± 2.29)° in the hydrophilic bifocal group ( Conclusions: Both diffractive toric multifocal IOLs demonstrate comparable long-term visual outcomes and rotational stability in cataract patients with long axial length. Differences in material, haptic configuration, and IOL color did not result in significant visual quality disparities. The trifocal design demonstrates advantages in intermediate visual acuity.
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