ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Risk factors for recurrence after initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Recurrence remains common after initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to identify routinely available clinicopathological, treatment-related, and inflammatory factors associated with recurrence and to characterize recurrence-free survival (RFS). Methods: This retrospective cohort included patients with pathologically confirmed Ta, T1, or primary carcinoma Results: Among 605 patients, 237 (39.2%) experienced recurrence during a median follow-up of 34.0 months. Multiple tumors were associated with higher recurrence odds and hazard (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-2.78; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.25-2.10). Higher recurrence odds and hazards were also associated with increasing tumor diameter, T1 or primary CIS, high-grade pathology, concomitant CIS, and higher baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Maintenance intravesical therapy was inversely associated with recurrence (adjusted OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34-0.72; adjusted HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.81). Estimated RFS rates were 81.5%, 63.8%, and 54.1% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The bootstrap-corrected area under the curve was 0.769 for the logistic model, and the bootstrap-corrected Harrell's C-index was 0.739 for the Cox model. Conclusions: Recurrence after initial TURBT was associated with greater tumor burden, adverse pathological characteristics, concomitant CIS, and higher baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Maintenance intravesical therapy showed an inverse observational association with recurrence. These routinely available factors may support postoperative risk stratification and risk-adapted surveillance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.