ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Cross-sectional analysis of socioeconomic determinants of functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a single-region experience from Saudi Arabia.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have increased disability risk, with physical inactivity and socioeconomic factors that are contributing to worse outcomes. Limited data exist on these relationships in Middle Eastern and Arab populations, and validated predictive models are scarce in the literature. Our study aims to assess physical activity levels and evaluate health-related quality of life and disability findings in RA patients from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and develop a sociodemographic risk-stratification model to quantify disability risk based on our cohort. Methods: We collected our data for the study from RA patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through a disseminated cross-section survey for the eligible targeted cohort. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-S, disability using HAQ-DI, and sociodemographic characteristics through structured interviews. We developed a sociodemographic risk-stratification model using multiple linear regression with interaction terms, validated through 10-fold cross-validation and bootstrap methods (1,000 iterations). Mediation analysis was performed to investigate education-employment-disability pathways. Risk stratification algorithms and utilization assessments were performed. Results: Physical inactivity was highly prevalent, with the majority of included individuals reporting low physical activity levels. Mean HAQ-DI was 0.58 (SD 0.55). The model achieved a cross-validated R Conclusion: We developed the first structured analysis for RA disability prediction in the region, revealing complete physical inactivity and significant socioeconomic disparities. Our analyses findings demonstrated evidence-based risk stratification for further consideration while identifying modifiable intervention targets. The results support population-level physical activity interventions and targeted socioeconomic support programs.
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