ArticleBMC public health2026
Neighborhood stress and social vulnerability in relation to placental metals concentrations.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Recognizing that social and environmental exposures may co-occur and impact perinatal outcomes, we examined associations between neighborhood stress and social vulnerability, and placental metals concentrations. Pregnant participants (n = 242) in the UPSIDE study (Rochester, NY) completed the City Stress Inventory which has two subscales: neighborhood disorder (e.g., vacant buildings) and violence (personal experiences of violence). Neighborhood disorder was considered as quartiles (Q) and violence was considered binary (any/none). Participant addresses were linked to the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and its four sub-themes (socioeconomic status, household composition and disability, minority status and language, housing type and transportation). SVI assigns each census tract a U.S.-wide percentile ranking (0-1) with higher values indicating greater vulnerability). We categorized SVI measures as low, medium [M], and high. At delivery, placenta were collected and lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and manganese were analyzed by ICP-MS. We fitted adjusted linear regression models associating neighborhood stress and SVI measures with each log-transformed metal. Results are reported as percentage difference (%∆) in metal concentrations. Most participants (73%) reported exposure to neighborhood disorder, 24% reported exposure to neighborhood violence, and overall SVI had a median of 0.4 and IQR of 0.5. Compared to the lowest disorder quartile, higher neighborhood disorder was associated with higher cadmium (Q2:%∆=25.5, 95%CI:0.3,57.1). Positive associations were observed for minority status and language vulnerability with cadmium (M:%∆=26.4, 95%CI:2.9,55.1) and housing type and transportation with chromium (M:%∆=27.1, 95%CI:1.3,59.6) compared to the lowest tertile. Some aspects of neighborhood stress and social vulnerability were associated with placental metals concentrations, which may have implications for perinatal health.
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