SynthesisBMC endocrine disorders2026
Association of copper exposure with metabolic syndrome: a dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of interconnected metabolic derangements with a growing global prevalence. The association of copper (Cu) exposure with the odds of MetS remains unclear. This dose-response meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between urinary and serum Cu concentrations and MetS.
methodsWe searched Cochrane library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to 4 February 2026. Studies providing association estimates for the relationship between serum or urinary Cu and MetS were included. Pooled effect sizes were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), calculated with the use of random-effects models.
resultsTwenty-three studies with 69,121 participants and 9,964 MetS cases were included. Higher serum Cu concentrations were significantly linked to elevated odds of MetS (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02-1.35), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 79.6%, P < 0.001). Dose-response analysis revealed no significant linear association; however, a significant non-linear relationship was identified, with the odds of MetS increasing more markedly at serum Cu concentrations above approximately 1,100 µg/L (P = 0.047). Higher urinary Cu concentrations were also significantly associated with greater odds of MetS (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.95; I² = 83.1%). The associations for both serum and urinary Cu were attenuated after adjustment for lifestyle-related factors and BMI.
conclusionsElevated serum and urinary Cu concentrations were significantly linked to an elevated odds of MetS, with evidence of a non-linear dose-response association. Lifestyle factors may confound this association. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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