ArticlePsychological research2026
Dissociating task, semantic, and response conflict in cognitive aging: evidence from a low-cognitive control Stroop paradigm.
Article in Psychological research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Cognitive aging is often associated with increased Stroop interference, but it remains unclear whether this reflects a broad decline in inhibitory control or selective impairments in specific conflict-resolution mechanisms. The present study examined age-related differences in task conflict, semantic conflict, and response conflict using a low-cognitive-control Stroop paradigm designed to amplify conflict effects. Younger and older adults completed a manual color-identification task including neutral shapes, neutral words, color-associated words, non-response-set incongruent color words, and response-set incongruent color words. This design allowed us to dissociate response conflict, two components of semantic conflict, and task conflict within a single paradigm. Older adults showed larger response conflict than younger adults, along with modest age-related increases in both semantic relevance and semantic relatedness. In contrast, task conflict did not differ between age groups. These results suggest that age-related increases in Stroop interference are not best explained by a single global inhibitory deficit. Rather, under the present manual-response, reduced-control conditions, older adults showed greater semantic and response-level conflict, whereas task conflict remained comparable across age groups. This dissociation is consistent with a more fine-grained account of cognitive control in aging.
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