Chlorella sorokiniana attenuates deoxynivalenol-exacerbated allergic dermatitis and type 2 immune responses in mice.

Chronic dietary exposure to low concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin found in cereal products, disrupts immune homeostasis and exacerbates allergic inflammation. Chlorella sorokiniana (CS) can adsorb DON and reduce its systemic absorption. However, whether this DON-binding activity protects against DON-induced immune dysregulation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CS on DON-induced toxicity and DON-exacerbated allergic dermatitis. In vitro, murine DC2.4 dendritic cells were exposed to DON in the presence or absence of CS-treated DON preparations. DON reduced cell viability and ATP-dependent luminescence while increasing IL-1β and TNFα production in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with CS attenuated these cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects. In vivo, chronic low-dose DON exposure aggravated toluene diisocyanate-induced allergic dermatitis, as demonstrated by increased ear swelling, scratching behavior, inflammatory cell infiltration, dermal edema, and cutaneous expression of Il4, Il13, and Il33. DON also increased dendritic, activated CD4