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ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

Cross-genera marker transferability, expression dynamics and in silico identification of rice seed size gene orthologs in contrasting groundnut genotypes.

Sree Vidya Gundrathi, Girish Kumar Killada, Srividhya Akkareddy, Shanthi Penumalli, Vasundhara Sankarareddy, Pesaleddula Jashuva Paul, Udaykumar Vasu

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Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Sree Vidya Gundrathi *Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Girish Kumar Killada *Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Srividhya AkkareddyDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Groundnut Breeding Section, AICRP on Groundnut, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India. a.srividhya@angrau.ac.in.
Shanthi Penumalli *Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vasundhara SankarareddyDepartment of Seed Science and Technology, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Pesaleddula Jashuva PaulDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Udaykumar VasuDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Groundnut Breeding Section, AICRP on Groundnut, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeed size is an important component of groundnut productivity, market value and end-use quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying variation in seed size remain insufficiently characterized in groundnut. The present study aimed to identify putative candidate genes associated with seed-size variation using a comparative genomics approach based on rice seed-size-related genes. METHODS AND

resultsThirty diverse groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were evaluated at the Dryland Farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati, during Kharif 2022. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for hundred pod weight, hundred kernel weight, kernel length and kernel breadth. Based on seed size, Bheema (TG 47) and TPT 4 (TCGS 30) were selected as contrasting genotypes. Developing kernels collected at 60 and 85 days after sowing (DAS) were subjected to semi-quantitative PCR analysis using primers targeting eight rice seed-size-related genes. All eight genes were amplified and exhibited differential expression between the contrasting genotypes and developmental stages. GW5, GW7, GS3 and GS2 showed comparatively higher expression in the bold-seeded genotype at 60 DAS and were identified as promising candidate genes. In silico analysis using PeanutBase identified 31 putative homologous sequences corresponding to rice seed-size-related genes, while NCBI transcriptome searches identified 32 putative homologous groundnut transcripts.

conclusionsThe differential expression of GW5, GW7, GS3 and GS2 provides preliminary evidence for their potential involvement in seed-size variation in groundnut. These genes represent promising comparative candidate genes for further validation through sequence characterization, peanut-specific primer development, quantitative expression analysis and genetic association studies.

Indexed as

ArachisOryzaSeedsComputer SimulationGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, PlantGenes, PlantGenetic MarkersGenotypeGenetic MarkersGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)In silco analysisKernel sizeRice seed size orthologsTranscriptome

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