A nationwide student survey on biochemistry learning resources in Italy.

Biochemistry is widely recognized as a crucial discipline in life sciences. However, learning biochemistry poses significant challenges, requiring students to understand complex molecular concepts while integrating knowledge across multiple disciplines. This necessitates instructors to innovate their teaching of biochemistry, considering students' learning behaviors. Here, we present the results of a nationwide survey of university students, conducted by the Education Group of the Italian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, from more than 2000 students across 49 academic institutions in Italy, with the aim of capturing not only which learning resources are relied on but also the underlying motivations for their choices and perceptions of biochemistry. Results show that overall, biochemistry is perceived as an interesting subject to study, even if challenging. Students primarily rely on instructor-provided materials, such as lecture slides, as well as self-acquired resources, including audio recordings and personal notes. Textbooks are used mainly as references when the preferred materials above do not sufficiently support students' learning. AI tools are increasingly used but not yet preferred. This strong reliance on teacher guidance underscores the need for high-quality teaching materials and greater integration of practical, application-oriented learning activities. By mapping these trends, our survey provides a foundation for critical reflection on current teaching practices and offers insights that may guide the development of more effective learning tools. Our broader goal is to support educators in creating environments that foster deeper understanding, sustained engagement, and a more inclusive learning experience in biochemistry.