Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42885382›Full record

ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2026

Prescription Intervals of Medications for Chronic Use: A Cohort Study.

Ryan Muddiman, Padraic Donoghue, Jessica Gómez Lemus, Ann Sinéad Doherty, Fiona Boland, Caroline McCarthy, Frank Moriarty

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ryan MuddimanSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-749X
Padraic DonoghueSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6301-696X
Jessica Gómez LemusSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-6656
Ann Sinéad DohertySchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-1574
Fiona BolandData Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-0046
Caroline McCarthyDepartment of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-5994
Frank MoriartySchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-3625

Funding

Irish Health Research Board CSF-2023-012Wellcome Trust 227348/Z/23/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIn deprescribing studies, a prescription-free gap is typically used to determine if patients discontinued their treatment. An appropriate gap depends on the typical time between prescriptions during continued use. This work aims to characterise the interval between prescriptions of chronic drugs (long-term use) using different methods for a cohort of older people in primary care in Ireland.

methodsThe prescription interval was analysed for 38 154 patients over 2011-2020 for the 20 most common drug classes in the dataset and the association between covariates and the interval was analysed using a multi-level model. Estimates were also compared with those obtained from the parametric waiting time distribution (pWTD) approach.

resultsPrescription and demographic factors had consistent relationships with prescription intervals across drug classes. Each additional prescription issue was associated with increases in the interval by 5.0 (NSAIDs) to 19.7 days ('other antidepressants'). Full public health cover was associated with a -29.0 day (inhaled adrenergics) to -11.0 day (opioids) change relative to partial cover, whilst other/private health cover had a -17.9 day (benzodiazepines and associated drugs) to -7.1 day (SSRI and SNRIs) change relative to partial cover. The pWTD produced consistent estimates of the population interval for most drugs.

conclusionsThe prescription interval varied substantially within drug classes, due to patient, practice and unmodelled factors. Variation between practices was effectively explained, with residual variation between patients and within patients. The pWTD approach is useful for describing complex distributions of intervals, and may be more appropriate for inferring a gap than summarising truncated data.

Indexed as

Drug PrescriptionsPractice Patterns, Physicians'Prescription DrugsAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIrelandMalePrimary Health CareTime FactorsPrescription Drugslength biasprescription intervalwaiting time

Identifiers

PMID42885382
PMCPMC13673214

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.